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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of 2 parts, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is that the construction itself, which can be constructed from the termites. Nests can be broadly divided into three main classes: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but always connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the earth with ground contact and are made out of earth and mud.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead parts of trees, as did termites millions of years ago.184.

To construct their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and wood), and dirt, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest contractors, since they only dwell inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds protect the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and thus the inhabitants use counter-attack strategies against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial decay in the gut of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon monoxide in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected by subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to have polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be less frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been observed in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites exactly the same protection for a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion as a result of their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand large precipitation.

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For instance, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, since the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to block.192 A highly secure chamber, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and is used as a final line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably build the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the largest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 ft ), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can construct nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 feet) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have elaborate and distinctive forms, such as the ones of the compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds using the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been this website experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning while avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shelter tubes, also known as earthen tubes or sand tubes, that begin from the ground. These shield tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a time of high humidity, pop over to this web-site so these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, particularly ants.198 Shelter tubes also provide high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food sources that cannot be obtained in any other manner.197 All these passageways are produced from soil and faeces and are normally brown in color.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but may extend dozens of yards in length.198.

Owing to their wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden constructions.199 Termites play an important role as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans happens where structures and landscapes containing structural timber components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a reliable supply of food and moisture.200;Their custom of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are severely damaged, leaving a thin coating of a wall which protects them from your environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause harm; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.